Aims. Stress is one of the most important phenomena in recent century and has an important effect on the psychosomat health. Based on clinical experiences, the most important problem of nursing students is STRESSORs of clinical environment. This study was to evaluate the nursing students' knowledge about STRESSORs of clinical environment. Methods. This study performed on 120 students of two nursing faculties of Tehran city. Data collecting tool was a questionaire included 114 questions about stress rate of patients' physical care, interpersonal relationship with patients and their families, education and care staffs and encountering to environmental FACTORS. Results. The most stress related to physical care of patient (100%) in students of third term. The statistical chi-square test showed that there was a significant correlation between different terms (P<0.05). Also, the STRESSOR FACTORS were encountering to environmental FACTORS, contact to EDUCATIONAL & care staffs and interpersonal relationship with patient and their families; But, there was no statistical significant correlation between different terms. Conclusion. To improve the EDUCATIONAL level of nursing students on encountering the environmental STRESSOR FACTORS, it is essential to review and modificate the qualification of EDUCATIONAL courses.

This study is going to identify the job STRESSOR resources and FACTORS among West Azerbayjan sport coaches. The sample was 46 active coaches in 10 chosen sport events, including: Volleyball, Football, Wrestling, Tennis, Weight Lifting, Swimming, Basketball, Physical Fitness, Teakwood, and Track and Field. The method of this research was descriptive measurable survey, and the outbreak of job STRESSOR and organizational STRESSOR FACTORS based on coaches individual characteristics was investigated through casual, comparative, and corelational measures. The data collection tool was two divisional stress measure questionnaires, based on Likert's seven grade indicators. Eventually after collecting the data by descriptive and inferential statistical practices, the purpose and hypotheses of this research were verified. The a-coefficient was 91 %. Finding indicates that 78.3 % of coaches consider the outbreak of organizational STRESSOR FACTORS as moderate. 73.9% of the coaches have the same idea about the job STRESSOR FACTORS in coaching profession. However, the distribution mean of subjects view, indicates the outbreak of job STRESSOR FACTORS more than organizational STRESSOR ones. Furthermore, technology and technical knowledge (mean: 5.17, standard deviation: 1.37) was the most important job STRESSOR factor. The importance of job, the pressure of time, and the quantity of job were in the following ranks. In the other hand, the professional development of human resources and the management approach were assigned in the next positions. Lack of the coaches desire to progress (mean: 8) had the highest rank among other job STRESSOR FACTORS, and shortage of assigned financial credits (mean: 6.5) had the last rank in the mentioned group.

Background and objective: Inappropriate function of organizations is directly associated with the physical and psychological health of the society. One such organizations are medical universities which are responsible for educating students of nursing. This study focuses on the association of EDUCATIONAL planning with the mental health of nursing students of Tehran Medical Science University with emphasis on the EDUCATIONAL STRESSOR FACTORS and stress management methods.Materials and methods: In this descriptive-cross sectional two questionnaires were used: researcher-made questionnaire (a = 0.71) and Jalowiec Coping Styles Questionnaire. The correlation coefficient of test and retest after 3 weeks was used for Jalowiec questionnaire (r=0. 89). The random sampling method among nursing students of Tehran University Medical science was used and the size of the sample was 376. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical ones (t-test and ANOVA) through SPSS 21.Results: Out of 354 students, 32.1% were suspected to have psychological disorders. These disorders were 29.7% among females and 34.6% among males, respectively. There was a statistical correlation between mental health and previous physical illnesses (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between stressful FACTORS experienced and mental health. In addition, there was a significant correlation between mental health and EDUCATIONAL stressful FACTORS such as negative attitudes in the community about nursing and ambiguity about professional role of nurses at the time of education (p<0.05).Conclusion: A number of nursing students were suspicious to have mental disorders. Therefore, in order to prevent physical and psychological destructive effects of stress on students, it is recommended to think about the EDUCATIONAL stressful FACTORS to diminish mental problems.

Background and Aim: Working and employment are chief portion of human social life that can create stress in individual and in turn they will cause dissatisfaction, leaving profession and providing incorrect services to clients. Because of the importance of nursing and midwifery profession this study was carried out to determine profession STRESSOR FACTORS in nursing and midwifery community in Gonabad city. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was to rank professional STRESSOR FACTORS. The Subjects were all nurses and midwives of Gonabad Medical University hospitals. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and in order to analyse them we used t-test and c2. Results: The results of this study showed that among professional STRESSOR FACTORS, economic factor had the first rank of STRESSOR FACTORS with 91.5% mean score. And among aspects of STRESSOR FACTORS, low incomes (with 90.67% of mean stress score), work difficult conditions (with 88% of mean stress score) and inadequate personnel (with 87.67% of mean stress score) gained other levels of stress FACTORS in the study subjects respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is important for managers of hospitals to notice nursing and midwives low income and the difficult conditions of their profession. In this way they can reduce STRESSOR FACTORS among them and in turn it will cause satisfaction and increase in quality of patients cares that finally bring us community health promotion.

For a long time, stress as a phenomenon, has existed among the communities. On the other hand, communities have encountered with different STRESSOR FACTORS. Recent studies show that rural communities, despite of their uniformity and apparent relaxation state, are exposed to many STRESSOR FACTORS such as natural disasters, climatologically conditions, government policies, price fluctuation of crops and geographical isolation. In this article, STRESSOR FACTORS of 212 rural farmers of Estahban were studied. The results of data analisis in this descriptive research indicated that among the economic, social, natural and special FACTORS, the natural and economic ones have more influences in the creation of stress among the rural farmers of the stahban. Also there is a significant difference between the STRESSOR FACTORS.

Background & Aims: Committing suicide by drugs and chemical materials has had considerable dimensions in the world. Using drugs and chemical materials is known as the most common way of committing suicide. Due to importance of chemical poisoning, here we study four hundred self-poisoned patients to determine the relation of STRESSOR FACTORS in committing suicide.Methods & Materials: This cross sectional study performed by clinical interview of four hundred patients hospitalized for intentionally committing suicide. Determining the variables was done in accordance with a questionnaire of Holmes-Rahe social rating scale that consists of forty STRESSOR FACTORS. Chi-Square test was used to determine the relationship between frequency of FACTORS and bachelorhood, being unemployed number of children and type of poisoning.Results: From four hundred subjects, 55.5% were female and 44.5% male. 52.5% of patients were 15-24 years old. 80.8% of suicides had occurred among bachelors and unemployed people. In present study the most common STRESSOR FACTORS were poverty (64.75%), attracting other's attention (42.5%), unemployment (40%), quarrel between wife and husband (32.5%) and family strife (29.5%). The most common STRESSOR FACTORS among young adults were matrimonial quarrels and poverty. There was a significant association between frequency of STRESSOR FACTORS and bachelor hood, unemployment, number of children and type of poisoning material (p<0.001).Discussion: Although development of appropriate medical facilities in poisoning wards is necessary and should be noticed, but decreasing psychological health problems is essential. There might be predisposing FACTORS for committing suicide such as inadequate psychological health, drug abuse, lack of marital satisfaction, boredom on the financial problems in young adults, poor supervision by parents and cultural leadership at risk groups such as teenagers and young adults and etc.

Criticism is judging the merits and demerits of something and showing its weaknesses and strengths. Textbook evaluation, as a small step in learning and teaching process, can help teachers and learners find books that suit their needs and likes. In the present article, the book ‘ EDUCATIONAL Psychology’ (the 13th global edition) authored by Anita Woolfolk (2016) is reviewed and evaluated. This is a qualitative evaluation based on the writer’ s experience in teaching this source in postgraduate classes for several years. To do so, the formal characteristics and the content of the book and the degree of its success in fulfilling the objectives, which are mentioned in the introduction of the book, are examined. Although this book, like any other book, is not flawless, it can surely be recommended to those who are interested in the learning-teaching process. It is hoped that, via this article, this book would be read and used by more people in the scientific community of Iran.

Aims: Stress is a phenomenon that has different density and rate according to demographic and geographic situation and increases in hard labor condition or bad climate places. The aim of this study was to rank STRESSORs and determine the relation between demographic variables and STRESSORs in a group of militants.Methods: This descriptive correlation study performed in a group of militants in one of the regions of Iran. 766 militants were selected by clustered based on proportion method. Instruments were researcher-made and demographic questionnaires. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11 software and correlation test, variance analysis and Scheffe test. Aphic variables with STRESSORs. The highest rankings in STRESSORs were temperature and lack of expert physicians and appropriate clinics. The relation of stress rate with age and level of education was not significant but the relation between psychological stresses rate and work experience was significant. Conclusion: Geographic and demographic variables affect the stress rate of militants. Regional or problems related to geographical and climatic conditions are the most important STRESSORs in militants.